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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)arync?-g|aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ant 2 tickface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóðàâåé 2 êëåù
face="Times New Roman Star"qarync?aq (MK: Oghuz) 1face="Times New Roman Star"karynz?|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qarync?g|a (Sangl., Qutb.), qarync?a (Houts.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?g|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"Garynz?|a 2face="Times New Roman Star"xarc?yx 2












face="Times New Roman Star"qarymz?|e| 1



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 662, VEWT 238, ÝÑÒß 5, 323, Ëåêñèêà 184. Turk. > Kalm. xac?ig (KW 173) 'irgendeine Made in der Nase des Kamels' (or is it rather < Turk. qatqyc??).
face="Times New Roman Star"*KArgaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"crowface="Times New Roman Star"âîðîíàface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (Houts., AH, IM, Qutb., Pav. C.), qarqa (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e|face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a
face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|aface="Times New Roman Star"GarGaface="Times New Roman Star"xarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a



face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a

face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a, g|arg|a
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 237, TMN 3, 384, ÝÑÒß 5, 303-304, Ëåêñèêà 171. Turk. > Mong. qarg|a (Ùåðáàê 1997, 134).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rga-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to swear, curseface="Times New Roman Star"ðóãàòü, ïðîêëèíàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|an- (recipr.) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-, qyrg|a- (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- (Qutb, Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e|-face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a-

face="Times New Roman Star"GarGa-face="Times New Roman Star"xarg|a-
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-
face="Times New Roman Star"xúrrún (Adv.) 'angrily'face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:-face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-


face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 655, VEWT 237, ÝÑÒß 5, 304-305, Stachowski 169.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bellyface="Times New Roman Star"æèâîòface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (Sangl., Houts., AH, MA, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rinface="Times New Roman Star"qerinface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"Garynface="Times New Roman Star"Garynface="Times New Roman Star"xarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarnyface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qa:rynface="Times New Roman Star"xyrúmface="Times New Roman Star"xaryn 'rumen; belly'
face="Times New Roman Star"xyrynface="Times New Roman Star"xyrynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn-tas? 'a relative' (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 5, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 277.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aryl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"spanface="Times New Roman Star"ïÿäü
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"karys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? (Pav. C., Houts., AH, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|ris?face="Times New Roman Star"g|eric?, dial. g|eris?
face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?face="Times New Roman Star"xarys
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?

face="Times New Roman Star"xarys
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"xarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarysface="Times New Roman Star"qarysface="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 324-326, EDT 663. External evidence suggests that the original meaning was 'elbow, cubit' [in fact attested for qarys? in Chag. Abushka, but some argue that this is just a script error], with the opposition *K(i)ary 'large measure (cubit) : *K(i)aryl/ 'small measure (span)'. But the former completely merged later with the reflexes of *Kary 'arm' (v. sub *ga\ra/).
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 heron, crane 2 swallow, swiftface="Times New Roman Star"1 öàïëÿ, æóðàâëü 2 ëàñòî÷êàface="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac?, qarg|ylac? (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"karkara 1, kyrlang|yc?, kyrlyk 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarluwac?, qarlug|ac? (Sangl., Pav. C., MA), qarlag|ac? (Houts.), qarlawuc? (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rqe|re| 1, qe|ldirg|o|c? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaqira 1, qalg|ac? (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"GaranGus?, Garag|los? 2face="Times New Roman Star"Garqara (dial.) 1, Garlava:c? 2face="Times New Roman Star"xarlag|as, xarlyg|as (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarla:s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|as?, qarylg|as? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xaran|ac?c?y 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qardyg|ac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qarlyg|as? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarylg|ac? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|ac?, qarlyg|ac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 306-309; Ëåêñèêà 175-176.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Karmakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 fishing rod 2 hookface="Times New Roman Star"1 óäî÷êà 2 êðþê
face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq (KB) 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"karmuk 2, dial. garmag| 1face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq (IM, MA) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rmo|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)maq 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"GarmaG 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"Garmaq 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"xarmax 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qarbaq 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2



face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qarmaq 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2


face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, ÝÑÒß 5, 309-310 (usually considered to be derived from *Karba-, but this is phonetically dubious).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:.rt-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"falcon, hawkface="Times New Roman Star"ñîêîë, ÿñòðåá

face="Times New Roman Star"kartal
face="Times New Roman Star"qartal (Houts., AH, Sangl.)



face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Gartalface="Times New Roman Star"xartyg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qartag|a


face="Times New Roman Star"ky:rt, ky:rdajface="Times New Roman Star"ky:rtface="Times New Roman Star"xartyg|a
face="Times New Roman Star"qartyg|a







face="Times New Roman Star"qartaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 239, ÝÑÒß 5, 316-318, Ëåêñèêà 169, Stachowski 172. Turk. *kartygaj > MMong. qarc?igaj (SH qarc?iqai), WMong. qarc?ig|ai (see TMN 1, 404), whence again late MTurk. qarc?yg|aj (see TMN 1, 404-405, Ùåðáàê 1997, 208). Loans from Mong. are Man. qarc?in 'kite' and MKor. karc?ik@i 'yellow falcon' (see Lee 1958, 119, 1964, 191).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kadface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wind, whirlwindface="Times New Roman Star"âåòåð, âèõðü
face="Times New Roman Star"qad| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kaj 'rainy weather'
face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)



face="Times New Roman Star"Gajface="Times New Roman Star"xas



face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 'to be cold in spring'
face="Times New Roman Star"xat, xady- 'to be frozen',face="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 'to be frozen'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 593, ÝÑÒß 5, 193-194, Ëåêñèêà 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gooseface="Times New Roman Star"ãóñüface="Times New Roman Star"qaz (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kazface="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qaz (Houts., AH, Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"g|az
face="Times New Roman Star"Gazface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:zface="Times New Roman Star"xasface="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"xorface="Times New Roman Star"xa:sface="Times New Roman Star"ka:sface="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"qad|
face="Times New Roman Star"qa:z
face="Times New Roman Star"g|az
face="Times New Roman Star"qazface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 679, VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 184, Ëåêñèêà 171, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Stachowski 143.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)a:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"eyebrow; edge, bank; saddle bowface="Times New Roman Star"áðîâü; êðàé, áåðåã; ëóêà ñåäëàface="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kas? (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Sangl., Pav. C., Abush.), qas? (CCum.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|s?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s?face="Times New Roman Star"xasface="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:sface="Times New Roman Star"ka:sface="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"xas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qas?

face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669, VEWT 240, TMN 3, 389, ÝÑÒß 5, 343-345, Ëåêñèêà 211-212, 542, Stachowski 143.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAc?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to run away, fleeface="Times New Roman Star"óáåãàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Orkh., Yen.)face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Houts., AH, IM, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|c?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?-face="Times New Roman Star"xas-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-



face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, ÝÑÒß 5, 340-342.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)as-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to constrict, tighten 2 brace joining the wheel hoop and its wooden part 3 block, tambour 4 iron hoop on a caskface="Times New Roman Star"1 çàòÿãèâàòü, ñòÿãèâàòü 2 ñêîáà, ñîåäèíÿþùàÿ îáîä êîëåñà è åãî äåðåâÿííóþ ÷àñòü 3 øêèâ, ïÿëüöû 4 æåëåçíûé îáîä íà áî÷êå

face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qasno|g| (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasa- 1, qasqan 'hoop of a tambourine'
face="Times New Roman Star"GasnaG, GasaG 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gas- 1, Gasn|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xas- (Sag., Koib.) 'to place the halter on the saddle bow'
face="Times New Roman Star"qasta- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qa`sta- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qasas- 1, qasqan 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 329-330.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/, *Kar/-dyr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 scales 3 dandruff 4 to peel bark 5 to husk nutsface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ÷åøóÿ 3 ïåðõîòü 4 ñäèðàòü êîðó 5 ëóùèòü îðåõèface="Times New Roman Star"qadyz 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaz, qad|yz 1 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"qajry 1, dial. qajyz 1; qajyzla- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|o|q 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qazdyq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xastyryx 1


face="Times New Roman Star"xujúr 1face="Times New Roman Star"qatyryk 1; xasta:- 'to skin'face="Times New Roman Star"kasta:- 'to skin'face="Times New Roman Star"qazyryq 2, qazy- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qa's- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qajry, dial. qajyd| 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, 243, EDT 608, 665, ÝÑÒß 5, 211-212, 328, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 352, Ëåêñèêà 107. The original form here is *Kar/; a suffixed form was *Kar/dy(r/), later simplified to *Kadyr/. This can be clearly seen from forms like SUygh. and Khak. Another possible explanation could be an early dissimilation (*Kar/-yr/ > *Kadyr/ = *Kad|yr/, or already after the zetacism, *Kazyz > *Kad|yz). There is some confusion between *Kar/ and *Kas, *Kasuk in Old Turkic, but MK definitely spells the word as qaz.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAl/(c?)gaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"white spot, white blazeface="Times New Roman Star"áåëîå ïÿòíî, ëûñèíà
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?g|a (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kas?kaface="Times New Roman Star"qas?qaface="Times New Roman Star"qas?qa (AH, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|s?qe|face="Times New Roman Star"qas?qa
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?Gaface="Times New Roman Star"dial. Gas?Gaface="Times New Roman Star"xasxaface="Times New Roman Star"qas?qa






face="Times New Roman Star"qas?qa, qac?qaface="Times New Roman Star"qasqaface="Times New Roman Star"qasqaface="Times New Roman Star"qas?qaface="Times New Roman Star"qas?xa

face="Times New Roman Star"qasqa

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 350-351. Cf. also the probable deriving stem in Tuva xas? 'worked thin leather', Tof. xas? 'naked, napless (skin)' (Ðàñ. ÔèË 186).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to mix, add, tie toface="Times New Roman Star"ñìåøèâàòü, äîáàâëÿòüface="Times New Roman Star"qat- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (Sangl., MA, Pav. C., Qutb.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qat-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gat-face="Times New Roman Star"Gat-face="Times New Roman Star"xat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-
face="Times New Roman Star"xodús? 'mixture'face="Times New Roman Star"xat- (but kytar- 'to mix')face="Times New Roman Star"kat-face="Times New Roman Star"qa't-face="Times New Roman Star"qa't-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-

face="Times New Roman Star"qat-
face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 594-595, VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 336, 337-338, Stachowski 141, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 373-374.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Katface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"layerface="Times New Roman Star"ñëîéface="Times New Roman Star"qat (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qat (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"katface="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"qat (Houts., AH, IM, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|t, dial. qe|tface="Times New Roman Star"qat
face="Times New Roman Star"Gatface="Times New Roman Star"Gatface="Times New Roman Star"xat
face="Times New Roman Star"qat
face="Times New Roman Star"xutface="Times New Roman Star"xat 'double, X times'face="Times New Roman Star"kat 'X times'face="Times New Roman Star"qa't
face="Times New Roman Star"qat

face="Times New Roman Star"qat


face="Times New Roman Star"qat
face="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 335-336, TMN 3, 419, Stachowski 140, Àøì. XVI, 250-255, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 371-372. The original meaning must have been "one of two layers" - as witnessed by the Yak. meaning and by external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Katface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 berry 2 blackberryface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿãîäà 2 ñìîðîäèíà
face="Times New Roman Star"qat (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kara-kat 'chestnut' (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qara-g|at 2 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|-g|e|t 2

face="Times New Roman Star"Gara-g|at 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xat 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qat 'blackberry, bramble'



face="Times New Roman Star"qa't, Todzh. xat 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qara-g|at 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qat 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qara-g|at 2





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 332-333, Ëåêñèêà 121.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hardface="Times New Roman Star"òâåðäûéface="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (MK, KB, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"kat (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qatyface="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|tiqface="Times New Roman Star"qetiq
face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyface="Times New Roman Star"Gat, Gatyface="Times New Roman Star"xatyg|face="Times New Roman Star"qadyg|face="Times New Roman Star"qatu:
face="Times New Roman Star"xydúface="Times New Roman Star"kyta:naxface="Times New Roman Star"kyta:nakface="Times New Roman Star"qa'dyg|
face="Times New Roman Star"qatu:face="Times New Roman Star"qattyface="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"qaty


face="Times New Roman Star"qatty
face="Times New Roman Star"qatyface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 597-598, VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 334-335, Stachowski 170. Yak. xat-, Dolg. kat- 'to dry up' (Stachowski 140) < Mong. qata- id. Khak. xatyg| also probably has -t- under Mong. influence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kobu-kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"empty, hollowface="Times New Roman Star"ïóñòîé, ïîëûéface="Times New Roman Star"qovy (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qovy, qovuq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kovuk, gavyk (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qovuq (AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"quaq (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"Govaq, Govuq, Govalc?, Govuzface="Times New Roman Star"xax

















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 273, TMN 3, 415, ÝÑÒß 6, 5-6.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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